PrePhD Syllabus JNTUH (2010-2011 Onwards) as per Online fee Portal JNTUH
Syllabus of Biotech (2010-2011 onwards) which is having only 4
subjects in Paper-I and 3 subjects in paper II as given in the online portal for fee payment to PrePhD examinations 2012.But the previous syllabus has 13 Sets with paperI and II each.
subjects in Paper-I and 3 subjects in paper II as given in the online portal for fee payment to PrePhD examinations 2012.But the previous syllabus has 13 Sets with paperI and II each.
Pre Ph.D. Subjects in Biotechnology
Paper-I | Paper-II |
Biochemistry and Metabolic Regulation | Enzyme Engineering & Technology |
Process Engineering Principles | Downstream Processing |
General and Industrial Microbiology | Environmental Biotechnology |
Molecular Biology & Virology |
To select only one set of Paper-I and Paper-II from the above list related to your research area.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
UNIT I:
DNA Structure, Replication and repair. Genes arrangement. Eukaryotic chromosome Structure and replication. Repetitive DNA. CpG islands, Gene amplification.
Different classes of RNA and their functions. RNA synthesis and other post transcriptional modifications.
UNIT II:
Protein synthesis and translational control.
Control of gene expression in prokaryotes. Transcriptional control in Eukaryotes.
UNIT III:
Plasmids, Transposable elements and TY elements.
Molecular mechanism of antisense molecules, inhibition of splicing, polyadenylation and translation, disruption of RNA structure and capping.
UNIT IV:
Biochemistry of ribozyrne; hammer- head, hairpin and other ribozymes, strategies for designing ribozymes, Applications of antisense and ribozyme technologies.
UNIT V:
Structure and classification of viruses and Replication of bacteriophages.
Replication of animal viruses. A note on SV40 and Retroviruses in transformation.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Molecular Biology of the gene” by Waston et al 4th ed.
2. “Genes VI” by Benjamin Lewis
3. Biochemistry and Molecular biology, William H. Elliott and Daphne C. Elliott, Third Edition, Indian edition, Oxford University press, 2005.
REFERENCES:
1. “Genetics” by Ursula Goodenough
2. “Cytogenetics” by lGarl P. Swanson, Mertz & Young
3. “General Virology” by Luria & Darnell
4. “Biochemistry” by Stryer.
GENERAL AND INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION & METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases, Development of pure culture methods; Enrichment culture methods. Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition Construction of culture media; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganisms.
UNIT II: MICROBIAL GROWTH
The definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, availability of oxygen; Culture collection and maintenance of cultures.
Media formulation: Principles of microbial nutrition, formulation of culture media, selective media, factors influencing the choice of various carbon and nitrogen sources, vitamins, minerals, precursors & antifoam agents. Importance of pH. Basics of Response surface Methodology (RSM)
UNIT III: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FERMENTATION
History and development of fermentation industry, Shake flask, batch and continuous operations and their applications merits and demerits. Solid state fermentation..
UNIT IV: INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT METABOLITES
Antibiotics: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and other antibiotics; biological production considerations; large scale production. Primary and secondary metabolites. Organic acids: Lactic, citric, acetic, gluconic, fumaric and itaconic acids; process variables and large scale production.
Alcohols and alcoholic beverages: Ethanol production and purification, production of beer, wine and related beverages.
Industrial Enzymes, Vitamins: Their importance and role as coenzymes; production of B, C and A.
UNIT V: FOOD & ALLIED PRODUCTS
Food industry: Bakers yeast and bread making, rennet and other proteolytic enzymes in cheese making, production of different cheeses; other products from diary industry, sweeteners, single cell protein. Biofertilizers. Fuels: Methane generation, biological production of hydrogen. r-DNA proteins (EG. Hormones, vaccines, humanized antibody).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. "Principles of fermentation technology" by P F Stanbury and A Whitaker, Pergamon press (1984).
2. Industrial Microbilogy by A.H. Patel, Macmillan India Ltd.
3. Industrial Biotechnology by S.N. Jogdand, First edition, Himalaya Publishing House, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. “General Microbiology” 5th Edition Stanier et al.
2. “Enzymes in food processing” by Gerald Reed, Academic press.
3. “Comprehensive Biotechnology” Vols III & IV, Editor M.Moo young.
4. “Industrial Microbiology” by Prescott
5. “Industrial Microbiology” by Casida.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLIC REGULATION
UNIT I: METABOLISM AND REGULATION OF MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates- Glycolysis, aerobic and anaerobic fate of pyruvate, Oxidative phosphorylation, Glucoenogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen metabolism. Nucleic acids- Purine synthesis and catabolism. Pyramidine synthesis and catabolism. Proteins– Transamination, Deamination, Oxidative deamination, Urea cycle. Aminoacids- Biosynthesis of non-essential aminoacids, catabolism of aminoacids. Lipids- Fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation of fatty acids
UNIT II: Photosynthesis
Light reaction and Dark reaction
UNIT III: Transportation in biomembranes, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Structure of plasma membranes. Transportation of molecules across plasma membrane. Modes of cell signaling, Types of receptors used for cell signaling, pathway of intracellular signal transduction using secondary messengers, Apoptosis
UNIT IV: PROTEIN TARGETING
Protein synthesis, Cotranslation and post translation of proteins. Protein targeting
UNIT V: ENZYMES
Nomenclature and classification of enzymes. Factors affecting enzymes. Enzyme specificity. Enzymes assay. Enzyme inhibition. Applications
TEXT BOOKS
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Edition by William H. Elliott and Daphne C. Elliott, Oxford University press.
- Biochemistry L.Stryer Third Edition
REFERENCES:
- Biochemistry White, Handler and R.B.Smith 7th Ed. 1983
- Principles of Biochemistry A.Lehninger 1987.
- Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L. Jain, Sunjay Jain AND Nitin Jain, S. Chand and Company LTD
PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
UNIT I
Fundamentals o f chemical engineering Brief overview , concepts of unit operation & unit process with examples, units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, Presentation and analysis of data,fluids vs solids, fluid static’s- Pressure measurement –different types of manometers with simple numeric problems, steady flow –equation of continuity , Derivation of Bernoullis equation for one dimensional flow, its limitation and corrections and applications in flow meters.
UNIT II
Fluids mechamics Introduction , Newtons law of viscosity, flow curves for non-Newtonian fluids with examples from biotechnology, flow patterns –laminar and turbulent, Reynolds experiment – Reynolds number, pressure drop due to friction, relating Reynolds number with friction factor, packed beds and pressure drop through packed beds ,Fludization – concept , significance in chemical industry, and pressure drop across fluidized beds.
UNIT III
Heat transfer Modes of heat transfer with examples, conduction, convection and radiation, definitions and governing laws, Thermal boundary layer and Prandtal number, conductivity and resistivity, compound resistances in series, heat transfer through cylindrical pipe, analogy between momemtum and heat transfer, simple numerical problems on conduction.
Heat transfer Convection-Natural and forced convection, dimensionless numbers in heat transfer, concept of heat transfer coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficient, radiation, combined heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation.
UNIT IV
Heat exchanger equipment: Heat exchangers Over view of heat exchangers-types and temperature area graphs, concept of LMTD, overview of other heat transfer operations.
Boiling and evaporation; Mechanisms of boiling, Film and nucleate boiling, single and multiple effect evaporators, economy and evaporators performance with various feeding patterns viz, forward , backward and parallel.
UNIT V
Mass transfer Definition ,Ficks law of diffusion , Analogy with momemtum and heat transfer, diffusivities of gases and liquids, fundamentals of mass transfer , theories of mass transfer, concept of mass transfer coefficients, dimesionless numbers, overview of separation operations with examples; ideal stage concept, mass transfer equipment-distillation, liquid extraction, gas absorption, drying.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Unit operations of Chemical Engineering, (1993), by McCabe, Simth and Harriott, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering, Second edition, By D G Rao, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
REFERENCES:
1. Bioprocess Engineering principles By Pauline M Doran, Academic Press.
2. Unit Operations-1, K. A. Gavhane, Nirali Prakashan Publication.
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIT: I
The enzyme, introduction, nomenclature and classification, applications in Industrial, Medical,Analytical,Chemical,Pharmaceutical and Food Sectors. specific activity, turnover number. Basis of enzymatic reaction, collision theory and transition state theory and role of entropy in catalysis
Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten equation, Brigg’s-Haldane equation & estimation of constants using graphical technique,
UNIT II:
Hydrolytic, covalent, acid-base, electrostatic and metal ion involved catalysis. Energetics of substrate binding. The mechanism of action of chymotrpsin losoenzyme, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate etc., Determination of the number of active sites of enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition kinetics, substrate and product and toxic substance inhibition.
UNIT III:
Temperature dependence of rate constants of enzymatic reaction, thermal deactivation, pH effect on rate constants and protein structure. Stoichiometry of bioreaction and energetics of enzymatic reaction, ATP and redox potential balance. Yield coefficients and their correlation with the stoichiometry
UNIT IV:
Pre-steady–state kinetics, determination of rate constants, rapid mixing, stopped flow and relaxation technique. Enzyme kinetics at limiting condition, enzyme kinetics at interface and kinetics of multi substrate reactions.
UNIT V:
Immobilization of biocatalysts an introduction, Electrostatic Effect, effect of charged and uncharged support, Effect of external and internal mass transfer, Damkohler number, effectiveness factor, Intraparticle diffusion kinetics, Biot number
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Blanch HW and Clark DS: Biochemical Engineering Marcel Decker Year of Publication 1987.
2. Enzymes by palmer,
3. Prace and stevens,
4. Blanch HW and Clark DS: Biochemical Enginering, Marcel Decker
REFERENCES:
1. Bailey JE, Ollis, DF: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals
2. Schugerl K., Bellgart KH (Eds): Biorection Engineering, modeling and control: Springer-Verlag, Berlin
3. Wiseman, A: Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnlogy, 3rd Edition, Ellis Horwood Publication
4. Moser, A: Bioprocess technology, kinetics and reactors: Springer Verlag
5. Biochemical Engineering Principles and functions by Syed Trnveer Ahmed Inamdar, PHI Learning Private limited.
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
UNIT I:
Scope of down stream processing:
Importance of Down Stream Processing (DSP) in biotechnology, characteristics of products, criteria for selection of bio-separation techniques. Role of DSP methods in bioprocess economics
Miscellaneous methods;
Adsorption: Adsortraction and adsorption processes, adsorption equilibria and isotherms, principles of adsorption, adsorption equipment, applications.
Precipitation: Principles of precipitation, precipitation equipment, applications in bio-processing.
Foaming: Principles of foaming, various foaming agents and their interaction with the products, applications in bioprocess.
Flocculation: Principles of flocculation various flocculating agents, applications in bio-processing.
Coagulation: Principles of coagulations and its applications in bio-processing.
UNIT II:
Solid- Liquid separation;
Filtration: Principles, filter aids, constant volume filtration, constant pronene filtration, specific cake resistance, equivalent cake thickness, filtration equipments viz; plate and frame filter press, vaccum filters, leaf filters.
Sedimentation: Principles of particle settling, batch sedimentation equipment viz ; thickner.
Centrifiguration: Principles of centrifiguration, centrifuge effect, g-number, sigma factor, various centrifuges viz; basket centrifuge, tabular centrifuge, disc-bowl centrifuge, scale –up of centrifuges.
UNIT III:
Evaporation: Theory of evaporation, BPR, single effect and multiple effect evaporation, steam economy, efficiency of evaporators, various evaporation equipments.
Crystallization: Principles of crystallization, crystallization equipment. Applications in bio-processing.
Drying: Various types of drying methods, principles of drying, EMC-RH data, drying curves, various types of industrial dryers and their criteria for choice. Freeze drying technique and its advantages over other methods. Applications in bio-processing.
UNIT 1V:
Membrane separation processes: Basic principles of membrane separation, membrane characteristics, different types of membranes, criteria for selection of membranes.
Chromatographic separation and electrophoresis methods;Principles of chromatographic separation methods, different types of chromatographic methods, viz; adsorption chromatography, ion – exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography etc. Applications in bio-processing.
Principles of electrophoresis and electrophoresis mobility, Philpot electrophoresis units. Applications
UNIT V:
Liquid-liquid extraction; Extraction process and principles, phase equalitarian and distribution, batch and continuous extraction, co-current and counter current extraction processes, L-L-E equipment. Applications in bio-technology
Cell disruption methods: Various cell disruption methods, need for cell disruption for intracellular products, cell disruption equipment. Applications in bio-processing.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Bioseparations (Principles and Techniques) By Sivasanker, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.
2. Principles of fermentation technology by Peter F Stan bury, Allan Whitaker and Stephen J Hall, Pergamon Publications.
REFERENCES:
1. Separation Process in Biotechnology edited by Juan A. Asenjo, Taylor & Francis Group
2. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol 2 Ed: M.Moo –young (1985)
3. Product Recovery in Bioprocess technology, BIOTOL series, Butterworth –Heinemann.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNIT I: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL
Ecosystem structure and functions: biotic and abiotic environmental factors – micro and macro nutrients, producers, consumers and decomposers – energy flow and material cycling.
Major ecosystems: terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Sustainable development.
Environmental pollution Air, water, soil pollution - their sources, effects and control through Biotechnology. Solid waste management.
Global environmental problems – climate change, green-house effect and global warming, acid rains and ozone depletion - their impact and biotechnological approaches for management.
UNIT II: WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste water definition and types, major contaminants in waste water.
Waste water treatment methods: physical, chemical, biological methods.
Aerobic Processes and Anaerobic processes.
Bioreactors: principles and their applications for waste water treatment.
Hazardous wastes – definition, classification, sources and characterization.
Physical and biological routes of transport of hazardous substances. Storage and disposal facilities – landfills, underground disposal and sea disposal.
Xenobiotic and recalcitrant compounds and their biodegradation.
Microbial transformations of hazardous chemicals.
Hazardous waste treatment and remediation technologies - waste recovery processes: solidification, stabilization, and encapsulation - biological processes - thermal processes
UNIT III: BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation definition and types of bioremediation, constraints and priorities of Bioremediation, factors affecting the use of bioremediation and applications of bioremediation.
Microbial systems for bioremediation.
In situ and Ex situ bioremediation techniques.
Liquid, solid and slurry phase bioremediation.
Bioremediation methods: physical, chemical, biological, solidification and thermal methods.
UNIT IV: INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND NOVEL METHODS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
Process and Production technology - characteristics of effluents and treatment schemes for waste waters of Dairy, Distillery, Tannery, Sugar, Paper and Pulp, Pesticide and Antibiotic industries, Development of biodegradable and eco-friendly products –biopolymers, bioplastics, biofuels, biodiesel, biofertilisers and Biopesticides.
UNIT V: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Concepts of Environmental Impact Assessment. Prediction and assessment of impact of air, water, biological, socio-economic environment.
Methodology for environmental management and Environmental management plan.
Concepts of environmental audit.
Integrated pest management,
Vermitechnology, Phytoremediation.
BOOKS:
1. Enivironmental Biotechnology, Second edition by Alan Scragg, Oxford University press, 2005.
2. Environmental Biotechnology by Dilip Kumar Markandey and Neelima Rajvaidya, A P H Publishing corporation.
REFERENCES:
1. Global Pollution and Environmental Monitoring by H.V.Jadhav and S.H. Purohit, Himalaya Publishing House, First edition 2008.
2. Text Book of Environmental Science and Technology by M.Anji Reddy, B.S. publications
Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha
– Karl Goser – Springer Engineering se
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